Experimental Analysis of an Industrial Battery Charger and Controller for Lip Battery Systems

Abstract

In recent days, the global lithium iron phosphate battery was valued at 24,554,960,000,000.00 Nigerian naira in 2023 and projected to grow from 30,645,490,000,000.00 Nigerian naira in 2024 to 199,942,940,000,000.00 Nigerian nairaby 2032. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO) battery or lithium Ferro Phosphate LFP battery is a type of lithium-ion battery that uses lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO) as the cathode material and carbon graphite with a metallic backing as the anode. LFP batteries are being used in a number of areas like in vehicle, utility-scale stationary applications, off-grid energy storage and backup power because of their lower cost, high safety, low toxicity, long cycle life and rechargeable technologies. For lithium iron phosphate batteries, an incomplete charge and discharge will cause the battery to produce a memory effect, a situation where batteries gradually lose their maximum energy capacity if they are repeatedly recharged after being only partially discharged.  This effect can be erased after the battery is fully charged and discharged. One of the major causes of battery memory effect is poorly-designed chargers. This work centers on analysis of industrial charger and controller for lithium Iron Phosphate (LIP) battery systems. The system is designed to charge and control the current and voltage going into an industrial LIP battery. It makes use of robust hardware such as microcontroller with intelligence and smart software. The microcontroller computes and analyzes the monitored parameters such as temperature, current and voltage, compares them with the set points and uses the results to control the output of the system. The prototyping method used was simulation and the simulation software chosen was Proteus application software.