Identification and Prevalence of Fungal Pathogens Associated with Postharvest Decay of Onion (Allium Cepa) in Selected Markets of Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria

Abstract

Onion (Allium cepa) is a major vegetable crop widely consumed across Nigeria. However, fungal spoilage during storage results in significant postharvest losses. This study investigated the dominant fungal pathogens associated with decaying onion bulbs from five major markets in Lokoja, Kogi State. Twenty-five infected bulbs were collected, and fungal isolates were identified through morphological and cultural characteristics. The study revealed the presence of six fungal genera: Aspergillus, Mucor, Alternaria, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Rhizopus, with Aspergillus sp. being the most prevalent (31%). Pathogenicity tests confirmed Aspergillus sp. as the most virulent, followed by Mucor sp. The findings underscore the need for pre- and postharvest interventions to reduce fungal contamination and associated losses, highlighting the importance of seed treatment, hygienic handling, and awareness creation.