Assessment of Heavy Metals, Physicochemical parameters and Bacterial Load (TPC/TCC) in soils from Selected Areas of MubiLocal Government Areas, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study assessed the physicochemical and microbial properties of soil in selected locations within Mubi metropolis, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study was carried out in Barama, Yelwa, Wuro Patuji, and Wuro Gude, with the aim of determining the physicochemical characteristics, heavy metal concentrations, microbial quality, and associated environmental and public health implications of the soil natural resources. Soil samples exhibited a uniform sandy clay loam texture across the study locations. The soils generally showed moderate fertility, with appreciable organic matter, available phosphorus, potassium, and cation exchange capacity, although relatively low total nitrogen was observed. Soil heavy metal concentrations were generally low and within applicable reference values, indicating minimal heavy-metal contamination. However, the detection of microbial indicators suggested possible fecal contamination of some soil samples. Overall, the findings indicate that the soils are generally suitable for agricultural activities. Regular environmental monitoring, improved sanitation, proper waste management, and sustainable agricultural practices are recommended to minimize environmental and public health risks associated with the soils in Mubi metropolis.