Socio-Demographic and Behavioral Risk Factors for Trichomonas vaginalis Infection Among Women in Kano, Nigeria.

Abstract

Trichomonas vaginalis infection is a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries. Understanding the socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with infection is essential for developing effective prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to identify risk factors for T. vaginalis infection among women attending the gynecology clinic of Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital (MMSH), Kano, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 217 consenting women between November 2024 and June 2025. Vaginal samples were examined using wet mount microscopy and culture, while structured questionnaires were administered to collect socio-demographic and behavioral data. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.0, with chi-square and Fisher's exact tests applied to determine associations. The overall prevalence of T. vaginalis was 11.52%. Significant associations were observed between infection and age (p = 0.024) and literacy level (p = 0.005). Women aged 31-40 years had the highest prevalence (4.15%), while those with secondary education showed the highest positivity rate (5.07%). Type of medication used was strongly associated with infection (p < 0.001), with traditional medicine users showing the highest prevalence (26.87%). No significant associations were found with residential area, marital status, occupation, income level, condom use, or sharing of personal items. Age, literacy level, and type of medication are significant determinants of T. vaginalis infection among women in Kano. Health education programs targeting less educated women and engagement with traditional healers are recommended to improve prevention and treatment outcomes.