THE UNSPOKEN CURSE OF THE NIGER DELTA: WHY PROPERTY RIGHTS ARE DESTROYING A REGION

Abstract

The Niger Delta region of Nigeria is rich in natural resources, but it has also been plagued by poverty, conflict, and environmental degradation. This paper explores the role of property rights in this so-called "unspoken curse." The lack of clear and enforceable property rights has led to conflict, a power imbalance, and destructive practices. This has created a cycle of poverty and conflict such as conflict over land ownership, conflict over resource extraction, and conflict between communities that has been difficult to break. The paper concluded that the lack of property rights has contributed to environmental conflict, as well as other forms of conflict, including violence and social unrest. Meanwhile, resolving these conflicts will require addressing the underlying issue of property rights, as well as other issues such as poverty and marginalization. The paper suggested among others that the government should ensure the creation of a system of land registration that recognizes both legal and customary claims, and establish a process for resolving conflicts as well as involving local communities in decision-making around oil production and environmental management in order to improve the region's development and sustainability.